Costa, D.P., Kooyman, G.L. 1984. Contribution of specific dynamic action to heat balance and thermoregulation in the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57(2):199-203

Costa, D.P., Kooyman, G.L. 1981.  Oxygen consumption, thermoregulation, and the effect of fur oiling and washing on the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 2761-2767

Davis, R.W., Williams, T.M., Thomas, J.A., Kastelein, R.A., Cornell, L.H. 1988. The effects of oil contamination and cleaning on sea otters (Enhydra lutris). Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(12):2782-2790

Friends of the Sea Otter. http://www.seaotters.org/index.cfm. accessed 10/11/00

Hokkanen, J.E. 1989. Temperature regulation of marine mammals. Journal of Theoretical Biology 145(4)465-486

Irving, L. and Krog, J. 1954. Body temperatures of arctic and subarctic birds and mammals.  Journal of Applied Physiology 6(11) 667-681

Jimmy's Sea Otter Page. http://www.silcom.com/~njhua/otter/otter.html. accessed 10/9/00

Morrison, P.M., Rosemann, M., Estes, J.A. 1974. Metabolism and regulation in the sea otter. Physiological Zoology 47:218-229

Prince William Sound: Paradise Lost? http://library.thinkquest.org/10867/. accessed 10/11/00

Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1998.  Animal Physiology. 218, 266-268

Sea Otters. http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=761555318. accessed 10/19/00

Tarasoff, F.J. 1974. Anatomical adaptations in the river, otter, sea otter, and harp seal with reference to thermal regulation. Functional Anatomy of Marine Mammals. New York