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Movie credits and additional information

This page was reviewed in Science, 7 March, 2003.
Vol. 299. pg. 1493.

Movies of Cells

• Sea Urchin Collections
  
• Movies of Tardigrades (a.k.a. "Water bears") development (several movies, hosted at UNC)
  
• Movie of Muscle Contraction
  
  • Cartoon Movie of Myosin cycle in Muscle Contraction (related to movie above)
    
• Macrophages Taking a Walk
  
• Phagocytosis Cartoon
  
• Cytoskeletal Protein (in green) During Phagocytosis
  
• White Blood Cells Eating Yeast (with sound)
  
• Cytotoxic T-cell Killing Its Target (with sound)
  
• Plant Root Hair Cell Growing
  
• ER extensions in a fish epidermal cell
  
• Migration of fish epidermal cell
  
• Mitochondria and lysosomes moving in fish epidermal cell
  
• Retrograde movement of actin in fish epidermal cell
  
• "Ruffling" of cell fragment from fish epidermal cell
  
• Cartoon of Mitosis
  
• Morphed Movie of Mitosis (3.5 MB)
  
• Real Movie of plant mitosis (7.6 MB)
  
• Real Movie of animal mitosis (2.7 MB)
  
• Real Movie of yeast mitosis (5 MB)
  
• Morphed Movie of Meiosis (11.9 MB)
  
• Movie of two pronulcei coming together in a fertilized C. elegans egg (3.2 MB)
  
• Microtubules and melanophores in fish cell (12 MB)
  
• Fish melanophores in motion (15.7 MB)
  
• Fish melanophores in motion toroid-shaped fragment (15 MB)
  
• Wonderful collection of C. elegans movies (by Bob Goldstein, UNC-CH)
  

Movies of Cellular Calcium

• How Calcium Regulates Muscle Contraction (see next movie for sequel)
  
• How the Calcium Pump Fills the SER with Calcium (double feature with movie above)
  
• Neuron and Calcium Influx
  
• IP₃ signaling cascade (Flash Animation)
  
• Movie of sea urchin sperm competing to fuse with egg ( 2.2 MB)
  
• Calcium Wave and Cortical Reaction in Sea Urchin Fertilization
  
• Movie of pronuclei fusing in sea urchin - Very Good quality (small - 350K)
  In this movie of pronuclei: M = male pronucleus and F = female pronucleus
  
• Calcium Waves in Retinal Glia (raw data)
  
• Calcium Waves in Retinal Glia (enhanced image)
  

Movies of Molecular Methods

• DNA microarrays - (short version) requires Flash Plug-in
  
• DNA microarrays method - (interaactive long version) requires Flash Plug-in
  
• Immunoprecipitations - requires Flash Plug-in
  
• ICAT proteomics Method - requires Flash Plug-in
  
• Movie Demonstrating PCR
  
• Movie of a restriction enzyme cutting dsDNA
  
• Movie Yeast Two-Hybrid System
  
• Microtubule Treading
  
• Cartoon of Moving Dynein (Best if shown as a loop.)
  
• Cartoon of Sliding Microtubules (Best if shown as a loop.)
  
• Microinjection of DNA into C. elegans
  (short movie - go to Paul Muhlrad's original page for more information)
  
• RT-PCR - requires Flash Plug-in
  
• Good Animations of Several Methods by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories (Flash animations)
  

Molecular Movies - by A. Malcolm Campbell

These animations are made with the Macromedia program called Flash, and require the appropriate browser plug-in. These are standard features for 4.5 or newer browsers. These animations are being produced beginning in the summer of 1999 and are funded by a Mellon Technology Fellowship through the Associated Colleges of the South, and Davidson College's Summer Faculty Funding program.

• Somatic Recombination of a light chain to demonstrate how antibodies can bind to so many different epitopes.
• RT-PCR - shows how the method of reverse transcriptase-PCR is performed and some sample data are produced.
• MHC I antigen loading - shows how MHC class one molecules acquire their antigens for presentation on the cell surface.
• MHC II antigen loading - shows how MHC class two molecules acquire their antigens for presentation on the cell surface.
• IP₃ and Ca²⁺ ions as second messengers - shows how ligand binding to a receptor initiates the production of IP₃and release of Ca²⁺ ions from the ER.
• B Cell Maturation - shows intracellular and extracellular interactions that illustrate the maturation stages of B cells in the bone marrow.
• Activation of B Cells with Thymus-Independent (TI) Antigen - shows the role of the B cell receptor and coreceptor when challenged with a bacterial or viral anitgen that has many copies of a single epitope.
• B Cell Selection - shows the three possible outcomes: binding to soluble self antigen, binding to multivalent self antigen, not binding to self antigen.
• T Cell Development and Selection - animation of T cells developing in Thymus and how they are positively and negatively selected. Animations created by Dr. Vic Lemas
• MAP Kinase Signal Transduction Pathway- from ligand binding to gene activation, this animation shows the critical proteins involved in the MAPK pathway. Animation created by Dr. Vic Lemas

Miscellaneous Movies

• Movie Of Mouse Embryo from gestational day 9.5 through birth
  
• Life Cycle of HIV and Drug Interactions - Great interactive animations, one of the best available anywhere!
  
• Movie Of Visible Human Skeleton (3.2 MB)
  
• Visible Human From Head to Toes (800KB)
  
• Movie of Developing Fly Embryo - EM image (12.9 MB)
  
• Movie of Developing Fly Embryo - Line Drawing (3.6 MB)
  
• Movie of bcd mutant Fly Embryo - EM Image (6.3 MB)
  
• Movie of T4 phage killing E. coli population
  
• Animation of Antibody binding to its epitope
  
• Movie of IDH monomer (large format 11MB)
  
• Movie of IDH monomer (small format 3 MB)
  
• Movie of IDH dimer (large format 10MB)
  

Interactive Pages

• Hyperlinked Human Histology
  
• Tissue Microarrays
  
• Kyte-Doolittle Hydropathy Plots

Credits (updates in progess)

• QT movies of mitosis, meiosis, calcium pumping into SER, calcium regulating muscles, the yeast two-hybrid system, and PCR developed by A. Malcolm Campbell at Davidson College. RT-PCR Flash animation was developed by A. Malcolm Campbell using Macromedia's Flash software.
  
• Movies of muscle contracting "Muscles Alive" were obtained from theMedical College of Ohio.
  
• Movies of Dynein and microtubeles were produced at the ''Biophysics Group at King's College'' and is maintained by G. Foster.
  
• Movies of the White Blood Cells Eating Yeast, Cytotoxic T-cell Killing Its Target, and T4 phage killing E. coli are ©James A. Sullivan, Quill Graphics.
  Cells alive!
  
• Movie of Sea Urchin Fertilization by Mark Terasaki, Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center.
  Go to Terasaki's home page

Simultaneous imaging of an egg at fertilization by phase contrast (left) and Ca Green fluorescence (right). The fertilizing sperm can be seen at upper right contacting the egg. There is a Ca action potential around the entire egg surface (5 th frame), then several seconds later, the Ca wave starts at the site of sperm entry. The Ca wave triggers cortical granule exocytosis, leading to the formation of the fertilization envelope. The fertilization cone (primarily actin filaments) develops later at the sperm entry point. The first six frames of this sequence are at 0.5 sec intervals, while the remainder are at 1 sec intervals. movie

The competition of sperm to fertilize and pronuclei fusing were also from Mark Terasaki. A recent Video Essay was published in Molecular Biology of the Cell.

• Movie of mouse embryo from gestational day 9.5 through birth by THE CENTER FOR IN VIVO MICROSCOPY at Duke Univ.
  
• Movies of calcium waves in retinal glial cells were collected by Eric A. Newman and Kathleen R. Zahs, Department of Physiology, Univ. Minn. and the related reference is: Newman, E.A. and Zahs, K.R. (1997) Calcium waves in retinal glial cells. Science, 275: 844-847. Go to Eric Newman's home page
  
  Raw Data: Freshly isolated retinae were incubated in the Ca²⁺ indicator dye Calcium Green-1, labeling astrocytes and Müller cell endfeet at the vitrealsurface of the retina. Images were acquired with a video-rate confocal microscope at 0.93 sec intervals.
  Enhanced Image: Leading edge of the Ca²⁺ wave shown in Clip 1. A fluorescence image of the retina is shown in black and white. The superimposed yellow regions mark the leading edge of the Ca²⁺ wave (where the change in fluorescence between successive images exceeded a threshold value). The Ca²⁺ wave is shown at normal speed.
  
• Movie of microtubule treading by Vladimir I. Rodionov and Gary G. Borisy, University of Wisconsin. Science Vol. 275. pp 215-218. 1997. Go to Borisy's home page
  
• Movie of Drosophila gastrulation (EM version) was provided by Dr. Rudi Turner, Univ. Indiana; Jeff Giacoletti and Thom Kaufman, Univ. Indiana.
  
• Movie of Drosophila gastrulation (Line Drawing version) was provided by Jeff Giacoletti and Chris Macri.

More animations and images can be found on the FlyBase page.

• Movies of fish epidermal cells all taken from "Fish Epidermal Cell Movies" which is a part of a larger site called "FishScope" at the Department of Zoology at the University of Washington, Seattle.
  
• C. elegans microinjection QT Movie generated by Paul Muhlarad in the lab of Samuel Ward, Dept. Molecular and Cellular Biology, Univ. Arizona. There are lots of good pages there if you want more worms.
  
• C. elegans pronuclei coming together QT movie was produced by the lab of Dr. Susan Strome, Indiana University.

The maternal pronucleus migrates from the anterior to the posterior, through the pseudocleavage furrow. It meets the paternal pronucleus in the posterior and they migrate anteriorly before fusing and entering mitosis. During these events, P granules are organized from a dispersed state to the posterior cortex.

• Movies of newt and lily mitosis were produced by Shinya Inoue and Rudolf Oldenbourg at Woods Hole. These were a part of a Video Essay published in Molecular Biology of the Cell.
  
• Movies of fish epidermal melanophores were produced by Vladimir Rodionov and Gary Borisy at UW-Madison. These were a part of a Video Essay published in Molecular Biology of the Cell.
  
• The movie of Yeast Mitosis was produced by the lab of Kerry Bloom at UNC-Chapel Hill. These were a part of a Video Essay published in Molecular Biology of the Cell.

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