Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: A phylogeny

Answer:

is a hypothesis developed by comparing traits of species.
represents the true evolutionary history of a group of species.
is an untestable hypothesis.
all of the above are true.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: Select a choice below to fill in the blanks in the following statement. The support structures of a butterfly wing and those of bird wings are structures that have evolved through ____. This is an example of ____.

Answer:

parallel evolution, homoplasy
convergent evolution, parsimony
evolutionary reversal, homoplasy
convergent evolution, homoplasy

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: The group of vascular plants known as cacti have evolved modified leaves in the form of spines. Which of the following statements below is true when considering the phylogeny of all vascular plants (including trees, grasses, flowering plants, cacti, and others)?

Answer:

Possession of spines is ancestral.
Possession of spines is derived.
Cacti are ancestral to all vascular plants.
Cactus spines are homologous to thorns on trees with thorns.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: Which of the following best exemplifies the relationship between a character and a trait?

Answer:

A trait is a feature; a character is the form of that feature.
Flower color is a trait; the actual colors, white, red, or purple, are characters.
A character is a feature; a trait is the form of that feature.
Eye color is a character; brown or blue eyes are traits.
The first two choices above are correct.
The third and fourth choices are correct.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: Which of the following best describes or exemplifies the concept of an outgroup?

Answer:

The outgroup is the first taxonomic group separated from others in a phylogenetic analysis.
An outgroup shares ancestral, but not derived, traits with the focal group.
The outgroup must be distantly related to the focal group.
An outgroup shares derived, but not ancestral, traits with the focal group.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: Choose the best answer below that fills in the blanks in the following statement: The grey wolf is more closely related to _________________ than it is to _______________.

Answer:

the Tasmanian wolf; any marsupial
any marsupial; any eutherian (placental mammal)
any eutherian (placental mammal); the Tasmanian wolf
any eutherian (placental mammal); the domesticated dog

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: Which of the following best describes a paraphyletic taxonomic group?

Answer:

A group that shares a common ancestor, but doesn't include all descendant species of that ancestor.
Species that evolved from more than one common ancestor.
A group that shares multiple common ancestors, with each group being monophyletic.
A group that includes all descendants from one common ancestor.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: In an analysis of the Moa and the Kiwi, natives of New Zealand, it was discovered that

Answer:

the Kiwi evolved in Australia and later moved to New Zealand.
the Moa is more closely related to the Emu than to the Kiwi.
both species probably evolved in Australia before being displaced to New Zealand, but they have different evolutionary origins.
the Kiwi is more closely related to the Emu than to the Moa.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: How can we test the hypothesis that all Hawaiian fruit flies descended from one common ancestral population that began with a founder event?

Answer:

Select many characters of Hawaiian fruit flies, and use them to develop a phylogeny, using Hawaiian house flies as an outgroup.
Remove all Hawaiian fruit flies from Hawaii, except one small population, and see if an adaptive radiation occurs.
Select many characters of Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian fruit flies, and use them to develop a phylogeny, using some related fly as an outgroup.
Select many characters of Hawaiian fruit flies and a non-Hawaiian fruit fly, and use them to develop a phylogeny, using the non-Hawaiian fruit fly as an outgroup.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Multiple Choice

1 Points

Question: When we use phylogenetic methods to determine the evolutionary history of life, we assume ...

Answer:

that microevolutionary mechanisms can lead to speciation.
that all species descended from one common ancestor.
that speciation rates can increase during times of rapid environmental change.
that speciation rates can increase because of an adaptive radiation.
that many species split into two or more species, and many of those species have since gone extinct.
all of the above, and more.