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Short Answer/Essay

2 Points

Question: List two unique characteristics of the chordate body plan and two characteristics shared with other animal phyla.

Answer:

Chordates have pharyngeal slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral heart, postanal tail, notochord. They share bilateral symmetry, triploblasty, segmentation, cephalization, etc. with other phyla.

Question 1 2 3 4 5

Short Answer/Essay

2 Points

Question: List one adaptation that was a major advance in vertebrate evolution, and describe advantages gained by animals that inherited the adaptation using real examples.

Answer:

jaws, lungs, legs from fins, shelled eggs, 4-chambered heart, etc. Advantages vary, but could include colonization of terrestrial habitats, increased hunting efficiency, increased metabolic efficiency.

Question 1 2 3 4 5

Short Answer/Essay

2 Points

Question: Define homeostasis and provide an example of a system that uses homeostasis.

Answer:

The maintenance of a steady state, such as a constant temperature, by means of physiological or behavioral feedback responses. Many examples exist.

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Short Answer/Essay

2 Points

Question: Define and provide an example of a set point.

Answer:

In a regulatory system, the set point is the "desired" value of the condition or composition. It is information that is compared to the feedback information by the regulatory system. Examples include the normal pH of the blood, body temperature, sodium concentration in cells, etc.

Question 1 2 3 4 5

Short Answer/Essay

2 Points

Question: What is Q10 (Q with a "10" subscript)?

Answer:

The ratio of the rates of a process at temperature X and X - 10oC.