Note: Some of these questions are specific to last year’s 112 class. I’ve changed some of the lectures and may not have covered a particular topic this year that would allow you to answer all questions completely.
1. Explain the concept of negative feedback. Contrast that with positive feedback.
2. For the following animals describe how two adaptations of the respiratory system increase Q in Fick’s law of diffusion. Be SPECIFIC.
a. Fish
b. Insect
c. Mammal
d. Bird
3. Using specific examples, compare and contrast open and closed circulatory systems. For one of the two, explain why that type of circulation might be advantageous to the animal, especially in relation to other aspects of the animals’ biology.
4. Endotherms and ectotherms use dissimilar strategies for regulating body temperature; describe two such strategies for each type of animal, in one sentence each.
5. The three organ systems that deal with excretion, nutrition, and circulation are closely tied together. Provide two detailed examples of this integration.
6. List and describe briefly two evolutionary trends observed in both Protostomes and Deuterostomes.
7. Compare and contrast adaptations of earthworms and spiders that increase survival in the habitat in which they reside and/or consume the food they consume.
8. How do the endocrine system (hormones) and the circulatory system maintain homeostasis in the digestive system? Be specific.
9. While out doing research in Rocky River I discovered a new species of insect living at the bottom of the river. Based on your knowledge of physiology and your powers of deduction, help me answer the following questions.
a. Is this animal an osmoconformer or osmoregulator, and why?
b. What mechanism of gas exchange is it likely to have?
c. In what form and from where does it excrete nitrogenous waste?
d. If I told you that I found it attached to a rock, what might you suspect is a likely way that it forages for food?
10. Apply the concept of countercurrent exchange to the following three systems. For each, identify the specific matter or energy that is exchanged, and the system(s) involved in the mechanism:
a.
Mammalian kidney
b. Bony fish gill
c. Arctic wolf legs
11. Discuss the integration of up to four (4) systems that we’ve studied (besides the reproductive system) and how they specifically affect or are affected during mammalian reproduction. Use only one sentence for each example (>1 example can come from the same system). Each example will be worth 10 points divided by the total number of examples you use (e.g., if you choose 2 examples, they will be worth 5 points each; 4 will be worth 2.5 each).
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