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	Factor	Transgenic plants	Plant cell cultures	Bacteria	Yeast	Mammalian cell culture	Transgenic animals

Costs	Production costs	Low	Medium	Low	Medium	High	Medium
	Time/effort	High	Medium	Low	Medium	High	High
	Scale-up costs	Low	High (a)	High (a)	High (a)	High (a)	Medium (a)
	Propagation	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy	Limited	Medium
	Prodcutivity	High	Medium	mediium	Medium	Medium	High


Quality	Product quality and homogeneity	High	High	Low	Medium	High	High
	Contamination risk	No	No	Yes (b)	no	Yes (c)	Yes (c)


Practical Application	Data monitoring	Difficult	Easy	Easy	Easy	Easy	Difficult
	Ethical concerns	Medium	Low	Low	Low	Medium	High
	Storage	Cheap/RT	Cheap/-20°C	Cheap/-20°C	Cheap/-20°C	Expensive/N 2	Expensive/N 2
a expensive media, expensive facilities for cultivation and livestock husbandry
b endotoxins
c residual viral sequences and oncogenes

From Schillberg, 2002

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This web page was produced as an assignment for an undergraduate course at Davidson College.