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Types
of Congenital Heart Disease
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Click on the hyperlinked disease titles and the diagram indications to be transferred to The Children's Heart Institute, The University of Utah's Medical Education Program, or the University of Kansas' website for excellent diagramatic depictions and photographs of these disorders. |
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| *color diagram | Narrowing of the aortic lumen leads to outflow obstruction, either proximal or distal to the ductus. | |
 Double
Inlet Ventricle |
Both atria connect to only one ventricle chamber by either two separate atrioventricular valves or a common atrioventricular valve (Pediheart, 2001). Double Inlet Ventricle results in outflow obstruction to the pulmonary artery even to the severity of pulmonary atresia (complete obstruction). | |
| Great
Vessel Transposition |
*color diagram | Left-to-right shunting occurs because the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta arises from the right ventricle. This causes a high force of blood to be pumped into the lungs and a lower relative force to the body. |
| Epstein's
Anomaly |
Displacement of the tricuspid valve causing leakage and regurgitation. The right atrium is large and the right ventricle is unusually small. The infant will appear blue from cyanosis because there is not enough blood being pumped to the pulmonary arteries (Abdallah, 2001). | |
| Hypoplastic
Left Heart Syndrome |
A severely underdeveloped left ventricle (which usually pumps blood to the body); proves fatal without a Norton Procedure or cardiac transplantation. | |
| Patent
Ductus Arteriosus |
Left-to-right shunting occurs when the ductus arteriosus does not close after birth as it should. This causes increased pulmonary blood flow (Suddaby, 2001). | |
| Septal
Defects |
*color diagram | A hole in the membrane (septum) separating the two atria or the two ventricles, which usually results in left-to-right shunting. Septal defects also increase the risk for infective endocarditis. |
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*black
and white diagram *color diagram |
Four characteristics: 1) Ventral septal defect, 2) overriding ascending aorta, 3) pulmonic stenosis, and 4) right ventricular hypertrophy. |
| TAPVR
(Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return) |
The four pulmonary veins that bring oxygenated blood back to the heart do not connect with the left atrium as they should, instead connecting with a coronary sinus or other site, creating a mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood (vciweb, 2001). | |
| Tricuspid
Atresia |
Complete maldevelopment of the right atrioventricular valve; an intraventricular foramen is present between the maldeveloped right ventricle and the left ventricle (Pediheart 2001). | |
*color diagram |
A ventral septal defect, in combination with incomplete separation of aortic and pulmonary artery blood, creates a mixed oxygenated/deoxygenated blood supply and right-to-left shunting. Infants in this condition will undergo congestive heart failure, and will be sweating and breathing rapidly (Abdallah, 2001). | |
| Valve
Stenosis and Prolapse |
Narrowing of the valves which can also cause reguritation of blood back into the chamber from which it just came. |
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