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Evolution of Freeze-Tolerance in Insects

The Dangers of Freeze-Tolerance

Protein Ice Nucleators

Supercooling

Cryoprotectants

Hemolymph

Future Applications of Freeze-Tolerance Mechanisms

Literature Cited

Insect Winter Ecology (Wikipedia) : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_winter_ecology

Amateur Entomologists' Society: http://www.amentsoc.org/insects/fact-files/overwintering.html

Freeze tolerant animals: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~kmuldrew/cryo_course/cryo_chap12_2.html

Subzero Temperature Adapatations, Antifreeze Proteins by John Duman: http://biology.nd.edu/people/faculty/duman/

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