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Baldwin RL. 1984. Digestion and metabolism of ruminants. Bioscience 34(4):pp. 244-249.
Campbell JR, and Marshall RT,. 1975. The science of providing milk for man. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Clauss M, Frey R, Kiefer B, Lechner-Doll M, Loehlein W, Polster C, Rössner GE, Streich WJ. 2003. The maximum attainable body size of herbivorous mammals: Morphophysiological constraints on foregut, and adaptations of hindgut fermenters. Oecologia 136(1):pp. 14-27.
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Fritz J, Hummel J, Kienzle E, Arnold C, Nunn C, Clauss M. 2009. Comparative chewing efficiency in mammalian herbivores. Oikos 118(11):1623-32.
Hume ID. 1989. Optimal digestive strategies in mammalian herbivores. Physiol Zool 62(6):pp. 1145-1163
Parsons, Thomas S., "Intestine," in AccessScience, ©McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008, accessed 10/20/11 http://accessscience.com/content.aspx?searchStr=intestine&id=350300
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Theobald, Douglas, “The vestigiality of the human vermiform appendix: A modern reappraisal,” in TalkOrigins.org, 2007, accessed 10/20/11, http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/vestiges/appendix.html
Wolin MJ. 1981. Fermentation in the rumen and human large intestine. Science 213(4515):pp. 1463-1468.
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Access Science from McGraw-Hill: Digestive System; Intestine *Note: In order to find information on the Access Science database you may need to be on a network that has paid for access to their services.
Colorado State: Digestive Anatomy in Ruminants; Dental Anatomy of Ruminants; Rumen Physiology and Rumination Physiology of Ruminants
The Beef Site Rumination in cows
Mammalian Digestion at Essortment.com The anatomy of mammalian digestion
Diet and Digestion at Earthlife.net The diet of mammals
Elephant Digestion at EleHost.com Elephant digestion
Elephants at YellowMagpie.com Elephant biology
Hot Topics in Animal Physiology More student webpages
Please email Brian McRae at Davidson College with any questions.
This website was created as a part of a class project in the Animal Physiology Class at Davidson College.