| Home | Literature Cited |
| Freeze Avoidance and Freeze Tolerance: An Overview | Costanzo, J. P. and R. E. Lee. 1994. Biophysical and physiological responses promoting freeze tolerance in vertebrates. NIPS 9:252-256. |
| Supercooling | Costanzo, J. P., J. B. Iverson, M. F. Wright, and R. E. Lee. 1995. Cold hardiness and overwintering strategies of hatchlings in an assemblage of northern turtles. Ecology 76:1772-1785. |
| Freeze Avoidance in Overwintering Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) Hatchlings | Epperson, D. M. and C. D. Heise. 2003. Nesting and hatchling ecology of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in southern Mississippi. Journal of Herpetology 37:315-324. |
| Freeze Avoidance in Overwintering Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) | Nagle, R. D, C. L. Lutz, and A. L. Pyle. 2004. Overwintering in the nest by hatchling map turtles (Graptemys geographica). Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 1211-1218. |
| Variation in Freeze Tolerance Between Species | Packard, G. C., M. J. Packard, J. W. Lang, and J. K. Tucker. 1999. Tolerance for freezing in hatchling turtles. Journal of Herpetology 33:536-543. |
| Freeze Tolerance in Overwintering Slider (Trachemys scripta) Hatchlings | Packard, G. C., M. J. Packard, and J. W. Lang. 2000. Why hatchling Blanding’s turtles don’t overwinter inside their nest. Herpetologica 56: 367-374. |
| Freeze Tolerance in Overwintering Northern Map Turtle (Graptemys geographica) Hatchlings | Packard, G. C. and M. J. Packard. 2003. Influence of acclimation and incubation medium on supercooling by hatchling painted turtles, Chrysemys picta. Functional Ecology 17:611-618. |
| Back to Hot Topics in Animal Physiology | Pough, F. H. 1980. The advantages of ectothermy for tetrapods. The American Naturalist 115:92-112. |
| Contact | Sims, P. A., G. C. Packard, and P. L. Chapman. 2001. The adaptive strategy for overwintering by hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). Journal of Herpetology 35:514-517. |
| Storey, K. B., J. M. Storey, S. P. J. Brooks, T. A. Churchill, and R. J. Brooks. 1988. Hatchling turtles survive freezing during winter hibernation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85:8350-8354. | |
| Storey, K. B. and J. M. Storey. 1996. Natural freezing survival in animals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27:365-386. | |
| Tucker, J. K. and G. C. Packard. 1998. Overwinter survival by hatchling sliders (Trachemys scripta) in west-central Illinois. Journal of Herpetology 32:431-434. | |
| This website was created as a part of a class project in the Animal Physiology Class at Davidson College |