Social Cooperation/Altruism

Red colobus groups exhibit reciprocal altruism most readily in their cooperative defense against chimpanzee predation. All adult males in the troop are expected to help fend off the attack, with rewards for doing so coming in the form of priority of access to food, grooming and mates (Stanford 1998). Males exhibit this behavior in protecting one another in part because of their high degree of genetic relatedness.

Female black-and-white colobus monkeys, in matrilineal kin groups on their natal territory, display cooperative behavior in their great amount of alloparenting. Because these females are related, helping to rear the offspring of their sisters increases the fitness of that individual. In contrast, groups of colobus monkeys who live in patrilineal groups do not show this alloparenting behavior among females.