Site Guide:

Alexander, S. (2000). The Astonishing Elephant. New York, NY, Random House.

Barnes, R. F. (1982) "Mate searching behaviour of elephant bulls in semi-arid environment." Animal Behaviour 30(4): 1217-1223.

Benedict, F. G. (1936). The Physiology of the Elephant. Washington, D.C., Carnegie Institution of Washington.

Douglas-Hamilton, I. and O. Douglas-Hamilton (1975). Among the Elephants. New York, NY, The Viking Press, Inc.

DiSilvestro, R. L. (1991) The African Elephant: Twilight in Eden. New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Drickamer, L. C. and S. H. Vessey (1986). Animal Behavior: concepts, processes, and methods. Boston, MA, Prindle, Weber, and Schmidt.

Lee, P. C. (1987). "Allomothering among African elephants." Animal Behaviour 35(1): 278-291.

Orenstein, R. and B. Beck (1991). Elephants: The Deciding Decade. San Francisco, CA, The Sierra Club.

Poole, J. H. (1989). "Announcing intent: the aggressive state of musth in African elephants." Animal Behaviour 37(1): 140-152.

Poole, J. H. (1989). "Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants." Animal Behaviour 37(5): 842-849.

Rasmussen, L. E. L., H. S. Riddle, et al. (2002). "Chemical communication: Mellifluous matures to malodorous in musth." Nature 415: 975-976.

Sikes, S. K. (1971). The Natural History of the African Elephant. London, England, The Trinity Press.

Slotow, R., G. van Dyk, et. al. (2000). "Older bull elephants control young males." Nature 408: 425-426.

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