References

Acknowledgments:

I would like to thank Dr. Thomas H. Kunz, Boston University, for photographs he provided for this website. I would also like to thank Bat CREW director Lisa Windflower for providing permission to use images from their website (www.batCREW.com) and Dr. Gerald S. Wilkinson for his permission to use images and pictures from his 1990 Scientific American article, Food Sharing in Vampire Bats.

Works cited:

Acha, Pedro N; Alba, Aurelio Malaga. (1988) Economic Losses due to Desmodus rotundus. In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 207-214. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Altenbach, J. Scott. (1988) Locomotion. In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 71-84. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Bhatnagar, Kunwar P. (1988) Anatomy. In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 41-70. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Dalquest, Walter W. (1955) Natural History of the Vampire Bats of Eastern Mexico. American Midland Naturalist. 53(17): 79-87.

DeNault, Lisa K; McFarlane, Donald A. (1995) Reciprocal Altruism Between Male Vampire Bats, Desmodus rotundus. Animal Behavior. 49(3): 855-856.

Greenhall, Arthur M; Schmidt, Uwe; Lopez-Forment, William (1971) Attacking Behavior of the Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, Under Field Conditions in Mexico. Biotropica. 3(2): 136-141.

Greenhall, Arthur M. (1988) Feeding Behavior. In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 111-132. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Koopman, Karl F. (1988) Systematics and Distribution. In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 7-18. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Park, Shi-Ryong (1991) Development of Social Structure in a Captive Colony of the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus. Ethology. 81: 335-341.

Ray, Clayton E; Linares, Omar J; Morgan, Gary S. (1988) In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 19-30. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Schmidt, Cristel (1988) Reproduction. In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 99-110. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Schmidt, Uwe (1972) Die sozialen Laute juveniler Vampirfledermäuse (Desmodus rotundus) und ihrer Mütter (Social calls of juvenile vampire bats (D. rotundus) and their mothers.) Bonner zoologische Beitreage. 23(4): 310-316.

Schmidt, Uwe (1988) Orientation and Sensory Function in Desmodus rotundus. In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 143-166. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Schutt, W.A, Jr.; Muradali, F; Mondol N; Joseph, K; and Brockmann, K. (1999) Behavior and Maintenance of Captive White-Winged Vampire Bats, Diaemus youngi. Journal of Mammology. 80(1): 71-81.

Trajano, Eleonora (1996) Movements of Cave Bats in Southeastern Brazil, with Emphasis on the Population Ecology of the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera). Biotropica. 28 (1): 121-129

Turner, Dennis C (1975) The Vampire Bat: a Field Study in Behavior and Ecology. Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press. 145 pp.

Wilkinson, Gerald S. (1984) Reciprocal Food Sharing in the Vampire Bat. Nature. 308: 181-184

Wilkinson, Gerald S. (1985a) The Social Organization of the Common Vampire Bat I. Pattern and Cause of Association. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 17: 111-121

Wilkinson, Gerald S. (1985b) The Social Organization of the Common Vampire Bat II. Mating System, Genetic Structure, and Relatedness. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 17: 123-134

Wilkinson, Gerald S. (1986) Social Grooming in the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus. Animal Behavior. 34(6): 1880-1889.

Wilkinson, Gerald S. (1988) Social organization and behavior. In: Natural History of Vampire Bats (ed. by A. M. Greenhall and U. Schmidt), 85-97. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Wilkinson, Gerald S. (1990) Food Sharing in Vampire Bats. Scientific American. February: 76-82

Wimsatt, William A. (1969) Transient Behavior, Nocturnal Activity Patterns, and Feeding Efficiency of Vampire Bats (Desmodus rotundus) Under Natural Conditions. Journal of Mammology. 50(2): 233-244

Houston Zoo (2002) http://www.houstonzoo.org/mammals/pages/vamprbat.htm

Please note this is an undergraduate website created for Animal Behavior 323 at Davidson, College, NC, by Julie Perry. Questions, comments, suggestions, corrections: please email Juperry@davidson.edu