References Cited for this Assignment

1) K.E. Holekamp et al. (1997). Hunting rates and hunting success in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta).  Journal of Zoology, London; 242; p. 1-15.

2) K.E. Holekamp et al. (1999). Association of seasonal reproductive patterns with changing food availability in an equatorial carnivore, the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta).  Journal of Reproduction and Fertility; 116; p. 87-93.

3) C.M. Drea et al. (1996).  Aggression decreases as play emerges in infant spotted hyenas; preparation for joining the clan.  Animal Behavior; 51; p. 1323-1336.

4) W.H. James and H. Hofer (1999).  A note on sex ratios and sex combinations in Serengeti spotted hyenas: siblicide and sub-binomial variance.  Applied Animal Behavior Science; 65; p. 153-158.

5) L. Smale et al. (1999).  Siblicide revisited in the spotted hyena: does it conform to obligate or facultative models?  Animal Behavior; 58; p. 545-551.

6) A.L. Engh et al. (2000).  Mechanisms of maternal rank inheritance in the spotted hyena.  Animal Behavior; 60; p. 323-332.

7) M. Lindeque and J.D. Skinner (1982).  A seasonal breeding in the spotted hyena in southern Africa.  African Journal of Ecology; 20; p. 271-278.

8) L. Smale et al. (1995).  Competition and cooperation between litter-mates in the spotted hyena.  Animal Behavior; 50; p. 671-682.

9) M. Lindeque and J.D. Skinner (1982).  Fetal androgens and sexual mimicry in spotted hyenas.  Journal of Reproduction and Fertility; 65; p. 405-410.

10) W.J. Hamilton et al. (1986).  Sexual monomorphism in spotted hyenas.  Ethology; 71; p. 63-73.

11) H. Hofer and M.L. East (1993).  The commuting system of Serengeti spotted hyenas: how a predator copes with migratory prey.  III.  Attendance and maternal care.  Animal Behavior; 46; p. 575-589.

12) L.G. Frank (1986).  Social organization of the spotted hyena. II. Dominance and reproduction.  Animal Behavior; 34; p. 1510-1527.

13) S.M. Cooper et al. (1999).  A seasonal feast: long-term analysis of feeding behavior in the spotted hyena.  African Journal of Ecology; 37; p. 149-160.

14) I.D. Silvestre et al. (2000).  Feeding habits of the spotted hyena in the Nikolo Koba National Park, Senegal.  African Journal of Ecology; 38; p. 102-107.

15) Spotted hyena [Online Resource].  Available from <www.lioncrusher.com/hyaenidae/spottedhyena.htm>  Accessed 2002 Feb. 2

16) Social Facilitation, Affiliation, and Dominance in the Social Life of Spotted Hyenas [Online Resource].  Available from <www.rsl.psw.fs.fed.us/projects/wild/zabel/zabel2.PDF> Accessed 2002 Feb. 2

17) Spotted Hyena [Online Resource].  Available from <sailfish.exis.net/~spook/hyenatxt.html> Accessed 2002 Feb. 2

18) L. Smale (2002).  Personal Communication.  2002 Jan. 28.

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