References

Borries, C. (1997). "Infanticide in seasonally breading multimale groups of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) in Ramnagar (South Nepal)." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 41: 139-150.

Borries, C. K. L.; C. Epplen; J. T.. Epplen; and P. Winkler (1999). "Males as infant protectors in Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) living in multimale groups- defense pattern, paternity and sexual behavior." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 46: 350-356.

Hrdy, S. B. (1979). "Infanticide among animals: A review, classification, and examination of the implications for the reproductive strategies of females." Ethology and Sociobiology 1: 13-40.

Hrdy, S. B.; and. D. B. Hardy (1976). Hierarchical Relations Among Female Hanuman Langurs (Primates: Colobinae, Presbytis entellus). Science. 193: 913-915.

Jay, P. (1965). "The common langur of North India". Primate Behavior: Field studies of monkeys and apes. I. DeVore. New York, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston Inc.: 197-248.

Koenig, A. (2000). "Competitive regimes in forest-dwelling hanuman langur females." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 48: 93-109.

Koenig, A.; C. Borris; M. K. Chalise; and P. Winkler (1997). "Ecology, nutrition, and timing of reproductive events in an Asian primate, the Hanuman langur (Presbytus entellus)." Journal of Zoology of London 243: 215-235.

Koenig, A.; J. Beise; M. K. Chalise; J. U. Ganzhorn. (1998). "When females should contest for food- testing hypotheses about resource density, distribution, size, and quality with Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus)." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 42: 225-237.

Newton, P. N. (1986). "Infanticide in an undisturbed forest population of hanuman langurs, Presbytis entellus." Animal Behaviour 34: 785-789.

Rajpurohit, L. S.; V. Sommer; and S.M. Mohnot (1995). "Wanderers between harems and bachelor bands: Male Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus) at Jodhpur in Rajasthan." Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 132(3-4): 255-299.

Srivastava, A.; and R. I. M. Dunbar. (1996). "The mating system of Hanuman langurs: a problem in optimal foraging." Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology Vol. 39: 219-226.

Srivastava, A.; C. Borries; and V. Sommer (1991). "Homoseexual mounting in free-ranging female hanuman langurs." Archives of Sexual Behavior 20(5): 487-512.

Struthsaker, T. T.; and L. Leland (1987). Columbines: Infanticide by adult males. Primate Societies. D. L. C. Barbara Smuts, Robert M. Seyfarth, Richard W. Wrangham, and Thomas T. Struthsaker. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

van Schaik, C. P.; and C. H. Janson (2000). Infanticide by Males and its Implications. New York, Cambridge University Press.

Yamamura, N. T. H.; and Y. Ito (1990). "Why mothers do not resist infanticide: A cost-benefit genetic model." Evolution Vol. 44(5): 1346-1357.

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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