1990. Canadian Wildlife Service Hiterland Who's Who: Coyote. Canadian Wildlife Service.

1996. The Coyote. Desert USA.

Allen, J. J., Bekoff, M. & Crabtree, R. L. 1999. An observational study of coyote (canis latrans) scent-marking and territoriality in yellowstone national park. Ethology, 105, 289-302.

Althoff, D. P. 1978. Social and spatial relationships of coyote families and neighboring coyotes. In: Poultry and Wildlife Sciences, pp. 80. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

Althoff, D. P. & Gipson, G. P. 1981. Coyote family spatial relationships with reference to poultry losses. Journal of Wildlife Management, 45, 641-649.

Andelt, W. F., Kie, J. G., Knowlton, F. F. & Cardwell, K. 1987. Variation in coyote diets associated with season and successional changes in vegetation. Journal of Wildlife Management, 51, 273-277.

Bekoff, M. & Diamond, J. 1976. Precopulatory and copulatory behavior in coyotes. Journal of Mammalogy, 57, 372-375.

Bekoff, M. & Wells, M. C. 1980. The social ecology of coyotes. Scientific American, 242, 130-148.

Bekoff, M. & Wells, M. C. 1986. Social Ecology and Behavior of Coyotes. In: Advances in The Study of Behavior (Ed. by Rosenblatt, J. S., Beer, C., Busnel, M. & Slater, P. J. B.), pp. 252-338. Orlando: Academic Press, Inc.

Bowen, W. D. 1981. Variation in coyote social organization: the influence of prey size. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 63 9-652

Bowen, W. D. 1982. Home range and spatial organization of coyotes in jasper national park, Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management, 46, 201-216.

Camenzind, F. J. 1978. Behavioral Ecology of Coyotes on the National Elk Refuge, Jackson, Wyoming. In: Coyote: Biology, Behavior, and Management (Ed. by Bekoff, M.), pp. 267-294. New York: Academic Press..

Davis, W. B. & Schmidly, D. J. 1997. Coyote.

Gese, E. M. & Grothe, S. 1995. Analysis of coyote predation on dear and elk during winter in yellowstone national park, wyoming. American Midland Naturalist, 133, 36-43.

Gese, E. M. & Ruff, R. L. 1997. Scent-marking by coyotes, canis latrans: the influence of social and ecological factors. Animal Behavior, 54, 1155-1166.

Gese, E. M. & Ruff, R. L. 1998. Howling by coyotes (canis latrans): variation among social classes, seasons, and pack sizes. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 1037-1043.

Gese, E. M. 2001. Territorial defense by coyotes (canis latrans) in yellowstone national park, Wyoming: who, how, where, when, and why. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 980-987.

Harrison, D. J. & Gilbert, J. R. 1985. Denning ecology and movements of coyotes in maine during pup rearing. Journal of Mammalogy, 66, 712-719.

Harrison, D. J., Harrison, J. A. & O'Donoghue, M. 1991. Predispersal movements of coyote (canis latrans) pups in eastern main. Journal of Mammalogy, 72, 758-763.

Harrison, D. J. 1992. Dispersal characteristics of juvenile coyotes in Maine. Journal of Wildlife Management, 56, 128-138.

Hill, D. 1997. The coyote: canis latrans.

Hilton, H. 1976. The physical characteristics, taxonomic status and food habits of the eastern coyote in main. In: Wildlife Management, pp. 67. Orono: University of Maine at Orono.

Kitchen, A. M., Gese, E. M. & Schauster, E. R. 2000. Long-term spatial stability of coyote (canis latrans) home ranges in southeastern Colorado. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 458-464.

Kleiman, D. G. 1977. Monogamy in mammals. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 52, 39-69.

Laurence, D. R. & Michael, J. D. 1985. Coyote movements, habitat use, and vulnerability in central alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management, 49, 307-313.

Laundré, J. W. & Keller, B. L. 1981. Home-range use by coyotes in idaho. Animal Behavior, 29, 449-461.

Lehner, P. N. 1978. Coyote Communication. In: Coyotes: Biology, Behavior, and Management (Ed. by Bekoff, M.), pp. 127-162. New York: Academic Press.

Messier, F. & Barrette, C. 1982. The social system of the coyote (canis latrans) in a forested habitat. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 1743-1753.

Riedman, M. L. 1981. The evolution of alloparental care and adoption in mammals and birds. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 57, 405-434.

Scarff, J. 1998. Coyote (Canis latrans). Canid Specialist Group

Wells, M. C. & Lehner, P. N. 1978. The relative importance of the distance senses in coyote predatory behavior. Animal Behavior, 26, 251-258.

Young, S. P. 1951a. Reproduction. In: The Clever Coyote, pp. 79-82. Harrisburg: The Stackpole Company.

Young, S. P. 1951b. Denning and Rearing. In: The Clever Coyote, pp. 82-90. Harrisburg: The Stackpole Company.